Assessing the influence of inflow turbulence on noise and performance of a tidal turbine using large eddy simulations |
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| Affiliation: | 1. MARIN Academy, Maritime Research Institute Netherlands, Wageningen, The Netherlands;2. Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom;1. Stichting Monitoring Zonnestroom (SMZ), Utrecht, The Netherlands;2. Utrecht University, CopernicusInstitute, Utrecht, The Netherlands;3. New-Energy-Works (NEW), Utrecht, The Netherlands;4. Rencom, Ouderkerk a/d Amstel, The Netherlands;5. Holland Solar, Utrecht, The Netherlands;6. Organisatie voor Duurzame Energie (ODE), Utrecht, The Netherlands;1. Cascadia Coast Research Ltd., 26 Bastion Square, Third Floor – Burnes House, Victoria, BC V8W1H9, Canada;2. University of Victoria, Department of Mechanical Engineering, PO Box 3075 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada;1. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA;2. Department of Electrical Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran;3. Battery Management Department, Qualcomm, San Diego, CA, USA;1. EDMANS Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain;2. Division of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;3. Electrical Engineering Department, EUITI-UPM, Ronda de Valencia 3, 28012 Madrid, Spain;4. Instituto de Energía Solar, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain;5. Renewable Energy Division (Energy Department), CIEMAT Avda. Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid, Spain;1. University of Fort Hare, Institute of Technology, P/Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa;2. University of Fort Hare, Physics Department, P/Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa |
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| Abstract: | Large eddy simulations of a model scale tidal turbine encountering inflow turbulence have been performed. This has allowed both unsteady blade loading and hydrodynamic noise radiation to be predicted. The study is motivated by the need to assess environmental impact of tidal devices, in terms of their acoustic impact on marine species.Inflow turbulence was accounted for using a synthetic turbulence generator, with statistics chosen to represent the gross features of a typical tidal flow. The turbine is resolved in a fully unsteady manner using a sliding interface technique within the OpenFOAM® libraries. Acoustic radiation is estimated using a compact source approximation of the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings equation.It is observed that the long streamwise length scale of the inflow turbulence results in characteristic ‘humps’ in the turbine thrust and torque spectra. This effect is also evident in the far-field noise spectra. The acoustic sources on the blades are visualised in terms of sound pressure level and “Powell's source term”. These measures show that the dominant sources are concentrated at the blade leading edges towards the tip. This results from the high loading of the turbine blades, and causes the sound to radiate more akin to a monopole than a dipole.The full scale source level, obtained from scaling of the simulation results, is found to be lower than comparable measured data reported in the literature; this is attributed to additional sources not included in the present study. Based on the predicted source level, no physical impact on fish is expected. |
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| Keywords: | Horizontal axis tidal turbine Large eddy simulation Inflow turbulence generator Acoustics Environmental impact |
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