Evaluation of bioactive properties of Indian carrot (Daucus carota L.): A chemometric approach

Sixteen Indian commercial carrot cultivars were analysed for variations in β-carotene, total phenolics, total flavonoids, total monomeric anthocyanin and antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity was measured using four in vitro assays viz. ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant power (CUPRAC), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assays (TEAC). Additionally six colour attributes were evaluated. Among carrot cultivars, significant differences (p < 0.05) were obtained with respect to antioxidant composition and antioxidant activity. Total phenols and total flavonoids varied from 7.98 to 291.48 mg/100 g fresh weight (fw) and 3.00 to 111.70 mg/100 g fw respectively. Chemometric tools like principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) were applied to understand possible classification Indian carrot cultivars based on colour properties, bioactive antioxidant compounds and antioxidant potentiality. PCA revealed that the first two components represented 92.9% of the total variability in the total variation. AHC classified cultivars into four main groups on the basis of the measured parameters. Black coloured genotype was found to be rich source of phenols, flavonoids and anthocyanin with very high antioxidant activity. Orange cultivars were found to be rich sources for β-carotene compared to red & black cultivars.