Uncertainties in the design of support structures and foundations for offshore wind turbines |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Norwegian Marine Technology Research Institute (MARINTEK), Marine Technology Centre, Otto Nielsens veg 10, NO-7052, Trondheim, Norway;2. Centre for Ships and Ocean Structures (CeSOS), Department of Marine Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Otto Nielsens vei 10, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway;1. Center for Marine Geotechnical Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;2. Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, QLD 4222, Australia;1. School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China;2. Department of Maritime and Mechanical Engineering, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, Byrom Street, L3 3AF, UK;1. School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore;2. Department of Civil and Transport Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway |
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| Abstract: | Offshore wind industry has exponentially grown in the last years. Despite this growth, there are still many uncertainties in this field. This paper analyzes some current uncertainties in the offshore wind market, with the aim of going one step further in the development of this sector. To do this, some already identified uncertainties compromising offshore wind farm structural design have been identified and described in the paper. Examples of these identified uncertainties are the design of the transition piece and the difficulties for the soil properties characterization.Furthermore, this paper deals with other uncertainties not identified yet due to the limited experience in the sector. To do that, current and most used offshore wind standards and recommendations related to the design of foundation and support structures (IEC 61400-1, 2005; IEC 61400-3, 2009; DNV-OS-J101, Design of Offshore Wind Turbine, 2013 and Rules and Guidelines Germanischer Lloyd, WindEnergie, 2005) have been analyzed. These new identified uncertainties are related to the lifetime and return period, loads combination, scour phenomenon and its protection, Morison – Froude Krilov and diffraction regimes, wave theory, different scale and liquefaction.In fact, there are a lot of improvements to make in this field. Some of them are mentioned in this paper, but the future experience in the matter will make it possible to detect more issues to be solved and improved. |
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| Keywords: | Offshore wind farms Monopiles Gravity based structures Technical standards Technical recommendations |
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