Nano-epoxy resins containing electrospun carbon nanofibers and the resulting hybrid multi-scale composites |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry and Applied Biological Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA;2. The Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;1. AMADE, Polytechnic School, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi s/n, 17003 Girona, Spain;2. Chomarat, 39 Avenue de Chabannes, 07160 Le Cheylard, France;3. Departement of Informatics, Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi s/n, 17003 Girona, Spain;1. Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering (MaTCh), Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 907/914, B-9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium;2. Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., 158754413 Tehran, Iran;2. New Technologies Research Center (NTRC), Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., 158754413 Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tafresh University, Tehran Road, 7961139518 Tafresh, Iran;1. University of Strathclyde, DMEM Department, 75 Montrose Street, G1 1XJ Glasgow, UK;2. University of Bologna, Department of Industrial Engineering, viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy;1. Centre for Composites, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai Johor, Malaysia;2. Marine Technology Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai Johor, Malaysia;3. Università degli Studi di Camerino, School of Architecture and Design, viale della Rimembranza, 63100 Ascoli Piceno, Italy;1. Foundation for the Research, Development and Application of Composite Materials (FIDAMC), Avda. Rita Levi-Montalcini 29, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain;2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University Rey Juan Carlos, ESCET, c/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain |
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| Abstract: | For the first time, electrospun carbon nanofibers (ECNFs, with diameters and lengths of ∼200 nm and ∼15 μm, respectively) were explored for the preparation of nano-epoxy resins; and the prepared resins were further investigated for the fabrication of hybrid multi-scale composites with woven fabrics of conventional carbon fibers via the technique of vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM). For comparison, vapor growth carbon nanofibers (VGCNFs) and graphite carbon nanofibers (GCNFs) were also studied for making nano-epoxy resins and hybrid multi-scale composites. Unlike VGCNFs and GCNFs that are prepared by bottom-up methods, ECNFs are produced through a top-down approach; hence, ECNFs are more cost-effective than VGCNFs and GCNFs. The results indicated that the incorporation of a small mass fraction (e.g., 0.1% and 0.3%) of ECNFs into epoxy resin would result in substantial improvements on impact absorption energy, inter-laminar shear strength, and flexural properties for both nano-epoxy resins and hybrid multi-scale composites. In general, the reinforcement effect of ECNFs was similar to that of VGCNFs, while it was higher than that of GCNFs. |
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| Keywords: | A. Polymer–matrix composites (PMCs) A. Carbon fiber B. Mechanical properties |
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