机构学研究现状与发展趋势的思考

在人类文明和社会发展的进程中，制造业始终是创造社会财富的主要来源，是衡量国家综合国力的重要指标。当今世界经济全球化，各国的综合国力和竞争能力体现于机械产品的设计能力。因为制造业的灵魂是设计，而制造和被制造机械的灵魂是机构，所以现代机构学的理论研究是制造业的基础，是现代机械产品发明创造的源泉，是提高国家制造业水平和国际竞争能力的关键。机构创新设计决定了产品的创新性。如果机构的设计有缺陷，则制造出的将会是先天不足的产品或称之为“有残疾的机械”。对产品的创新而言，机构拓扑创新设计具有原创的特征性质，是机械发明中最具有挑战性和发明性的核心内容。所以，现代机构学的研究对提高我国机械产品的自主设计、创新和国际竞争能力有着十分重要的意义。机构学研究的发展趋势应该是研究现代机构设计的新理论和新方法、实现特殊功能的机构设计理论以及应用关键技术、微操作和微尺度机械的机构学、机构与机器人动力学、新型移动与操作机器人、仿人与仿生机器人和微纳机器人等。现代机构学研究的最高任务是揭示自然和人造机械的机构组成原理，创造新机构，研究基于特定性能的机构分析与设计理论，为现代机械与机器人的设计、创新和发明提供系统的基础理论和有效实用的方法。

REFLECTION ON THE CURRENT STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF MECHANISM RESEARCH

In the development process of the human civilization and the society, manufacturing has always been the main source of the social wealth and an important index to evaluate the general national powers. In the time of the world economy globalization, the design capability of the mechanical products is the embodiment of the general national powers and competitive powers of nations. The heart of manufacturing is the design and the soul of manufacturing is mechanisms which are the essence of the machines being manufactured. The theoretical research of modern mechanisms is the foundation of the manufacturing industry, the headspring of invention and creation of mechanical products, the key to improve the national manufacturing level and the international competitive powers. The innovative design of mechanisms determines the innovation of the products. The defective design will bring congenital lack of the products, which are called "malformed machines". For the innovative design of products, the topological innovative design of mechanisms has the characteristic of original design and is the most challenging and inventing core content of mechanical invention. The research of modern mechanisms has very important signification to improve the independent design level, the innovation and the international competitive powers of our mechanical products. The ultimate target of the investigation of the modern mechanisms is to discover the composition principles of natural and man-made machines, to invent new mechanisms, to research the analysis and design theories based on special performance indexes, to provide systematic fundamental theories and effective practical methods for the design, innovation and creation of modern machines and robots.