离子型稀土矿不同采选工艺比较:基于成本的视角

离子型稀土矿采选先后经历了池浸、堆浸和原地浸矿3种工艺.目前，国家要求离子型稀土矿开发应采用原地浸矿等适合资源和环境保护要求的生产工艺，禁止采用池浸、堆浸工艺.基于离子型稀土矿床的特征、地质条件、各种工艺基本原理及优缺点，通过对不同工艺的会计成本比较和环境治理成本分析，认为从稀土矿采选会计成本的角度，3种工艺的成本相差不大；如果考虑环境治理成本，则对于地质条件复杂的矿山，采用原地浸矿工艺总成本可能最高.最后，提出了现阶段我国离子型稀土矿开采应因地制宜、有针对性地选择采选工艺及其他相关建议. 

A comparative study of the different mining and separating technologies of ion-absorbed rare earth from the perspective of production costs

Ion-absorbed rare earth deposits mining and separating technologies has gone through three stages,tank leaching,heap leaching and in-situ leaching.Due to the requirements for resource benefits and environment protection,in-situ leaching is practiced rather than tank leaching and heap leaching.We think there are small differences in the aspect of accounting costs of the three technologies by comparing their accounting costs and environmental treatment costs based on the characteristics,geological conditions,basic principles,advantages and disadvantages of the three processes.The production cost is the highest for the in-situ leaching if the geological conditions are complicated.Some related proposals are put forward,including the selection of ion-absorbed rare earth deposits mining and separating process should be adapted to local conditions.