利用二维光弹性法进行优化设计的实验技术

实验已经证明,转子和叶片间的圆角,平板中的圆孔,圆环的内壁等的几何边界是可以通过移去某些材料而得到较理想的应力分布的。本文在实验上和理论上给出了优化圆管横截面的外壁形状的方法,这些结果是和地下输流管道密切相关的:①首先用光弹性实验方法对承受径向集中载荷和均布铅垂载荷的圆环的外壁轮廓进行了修正,得到了较理想的应力分布;②在理论上确定移去受压圆环的多余材料的位置的础基上,导出了等强度环的形状的理论公式。

DESIGNING OF OPTIMUM SHAPES BY PHOTOELASTICITY

It hasbeen demonstrated that the boundary geometries of a fillet between the rotor and the blade,a hole in a plate and a circular ring can be modified to obtain favorable stress distribution with less amount of material. This paper presents the methods of optimizing the outer boundary of the cross-section of a circular pipe both theoretically and experimentally. The results are related to drain pipes and transporting pipes: (1) Experiments using photoelastic method were first carried out on models with modified outer boundary contours to obtain optimum stress distribution for the ring under concentrated diametral loads and homogeneous loads; (2) The locations for removing,surplus materials of a ring subjected to diametral compression was determined theoretically. A formula for the contour of the constant strength ring was then derived