| Abstract: | Micellar Two Phase-Hydroformylation of Multiple Unsaturated Fatty Substances with Water Soluble Rhodiumdicarbonyl/tert. Phosphine Catalyst Systems Low- and medium-molecular ω-unsaturated carboxylic acid methyl esters inclusive of the ω-decenoic acid ester can be hydrofomylated successfully according to the two phase method in an aqueous-organic medium using the water soluble rhodium carbonyl/tris(sodium-m-sulfonatophenyl)phosphine complex as catalyst system. Highermolecular unsaturated fatty acid esters, e.g. the triple unsaturated linolenic acid methyl ester or fatty oils like linseed oil can be hydroformylated only according to the micellar two phase technique in course of which surfactant micelles cause a solubilisation of the water insoluble unsaturated fatty substances in the aqueous catalyst phase. The different efficiences of the various types of surfactants for the micellar two phase hydroformylation was investigated and interpreted. Best suitable for the micellar two-phase hydroformylation are cationic surfactants. By means of these surfactants linolenic acid methyl ester could be hydroformylated to the triformyl derivative with a selectivity of 55%. The recovery of the catalyst solution free from losses of rhodium succeeded by simple phase separation in a technically satisfying manner. |
