浓度对硝酸铵水溶液热稳定性的影响研究

目前硝酸铵水溶液常被用于工业炸药和农用肥料生产中。在实际生产中,氯化物是极易混入的一种杂质。在酸性条件下,Cl-浓度高的硝酸铵溶液,短时间内会加剧自催化热分解过程,导致高热、高温气体产物高度聚集而爆炸。为了防止生产过程中发生爆炸事故,利用临界爆炸测试系统对硝酸铵水溶液的临界爆炸温度进行测定。实验结果表明:一定浓度范围的纯硝酸铵溶液,浓度越高,越容易促进溶液的分解爆炸。当其接近固体硝酸铵浓度时,爆炸反而不容易发生;含有500 mg/kg KCl的硝酸铵酸性溶液中,浓度的增高会使其临界爆炸温度变低,且浓度每增加10%,临界爆炸温度就会降低5～6℃。在硝酸铵溶液的运输、贮存过程中,应将浓度控制在合理的范围内,以确保其安全。

Influence of Concentration on Thermal Stability of Ammonium Nitrate Aqueous Solution

At present,the ammonium nitrate aqueous solution is usually used in industrial explosives and agricultural production in the fertilizer.In actual production,Chloride is an impurity which is mixed easily.In the acid condition,the ammonium nitrate solution with high chloride will exacerbate autocatalytic thermal decomposition in the short time,and result in an explosion because of accumulation of high heat and temperature gas.To prevent the explosive accident in the process of industrial explosives production,the critical explosion temperature of the ammonium nitrate aqueous solution was studied by using test system for critical explosive temperature.The results showed that the higher the concentration of pure ammonium nitrate solution in a given concentration range becomes,the easier an explosion would happen.But when the concentration is close to solid ammonium nitrate′s,explosion is not easy to happen.In the ammonium nitrate acid solution containing 500 mg/kg KCl,an increase of concentration can decrease critical explosion temperature.As the concentration increased by 10%,the critical explosion temperature reduced by 5~6 degrees.Therefore,the concentration of the ammonium nitrate solution should be controlled in a reasonable range to ensure safety during transportation and storage.The results have a great significance on the safety in production of industrial explosives and so on.