Capillary pressure and viscous pressure drop set bounds on coating bead operability

In premetered slot or extrusion coating and related sheet coating a “bead” of liquid is held between the coating die and the moving sheet by capillary forces, which depend on gap clearances, surface tension, contact line attachment, and dynamic contact angle; by viscous forces, which depend on clearances, viscosity, meniscus, location, and coating thickness; and by the externally applied pressure difference, which must fall within bounds for the bead to be operable.New bounds are derived for quasi-static beads with variable meniscus location, extending Ruschak's 1] analysis. Viscous effects are modeled by Couette and Poiseuille contributions that account for nonuniform clearances and are important except in limiting cases like Ruschak's. Operating bounds are derived for viscous coating beads.