低渗储层渗流研究及主要开发对策

低渗储层通常较为致密,孔喉细小。其渗流为非线性而非达西流,属于微尺度流动范畴。其渗透率非一固定常数,并受到诸多因素的影响,包括应力敏感损害、水锁损害、敏感性矿物及固相微粒等。各个影响因素通过多方面影响渗透率,可暂时或永久。低渗透率加上储层本身的非均质性增加了开发复杂度。近些年多种应对措施已被提出,如超前注水、缩小井距等,并在一定程度上形成理论指导。然而因诸多不确定因素的定量方面仍然难以取得突破,仍然有大量难题需要人们去探索。

New advances on seeping flow and exploiting countermeasures about low-permeability reservoirs

Lowpermeability reservoirs are characterized by compact texture and minute pore throat in which occurs nonlinear flow,rather than Darcy flow.Nonlinear flow belongs to microflow that has variational permeability sensitively affected by many elements including stress, water,minerals and particles.Each element has multi-aspect influences, permanently or temporarily.Nonuniformity and low permeability add difficulty in exploitation,but many measures have been taken according to actual situation,including advanced waterflood,reduced well spacing,etc.Although theory has been proposed somehow,so many indeterminate factors in the way still need to be broken through.