下刚果—刚果扇盆地中新统层序地层格架内重力流沉积体系特征、演化及其控制因素

针对下刚果—刚果扇盆地中新统重力流体系内部结构及演化特征等问题,开展了层序地层划分、重力流体系沉积特征阐述及控制因素讨论的研究。综合利用地震、测井、岩心等资料,在建立高精度层序地层格架的基础上,识别区内重力流沉积的岩相特征、构成单元,揭示其沉积演化过程并探讨其控制因素。研究表明,区内中新统可划分为4个三级层序(SQ1、SQ2、SQ3、SQ4),所发育的重力流沉积在岩性上主要为硅质碎屑和泥质岩等,沉积单元主要包括水道内部滑塌变形层,块体搬运沉积、重力流水道充填、天然堤-溢岸沉积和前缘朵叶体沉积等。早中新世(SQ1)区内多发育鸥翼形、弱受限—不受限的沉积型水道-堤岸复合体和朵叶体等,中中新世早期(SQ2)区内多发育W形、弱受限的侵蚀-沉积型分支水道(多期叠置),中中新世晚期(SQ3)区内多发育U形、受限的侵蚀型水道,晚中新世(SQ4)区内多发育V形、深切的侵蚀型孤立水道。气候变冷、海平面持续下降,致使研究区由下陆坡-盆底到下陆坡、中陆坡和上陆坡,进而影响了重力流作用的强弱。西非海岸发生的3次构造抬升作用和气候变冷,为重力流沉积的发育提供了充足物源。盐构造的多期活动,对重力流沉积的发育具有重要改向、限制、封堵或破坏等作用。明确下刚果—刚果扇盆地中新统大型重力流沉积体系特征、演化及其控制因素,可为研究区内深水油气勘探工作提供一定的借鉴。

Evolution and controlling factors of the gravity flow deposits in the Miocene sequence stratigraphic framework,the Lower Congo-Congo Fan Basin,West Africa

To understand the evolution of the Miocene gravity flow deposits in the Lower Congo-Congo Fan Basin,this paper documents the Miocene sequence stratigraphic framework,the depositional characteristics and the controlling factors of the gravity flow system.Based on the establishment of high accuracy sequence stratigraphic framework,lithofacies characteristics and sedimentary units of the gravity flow deposits in the region are identified by using seismic,well logging and core data comprehensively,and the sedimentary evolution process is revealed and the controlling factors are discussed.The Miocene can be divided into four 3rd-order sequences(SQ1-SQ4).The gravity flow deposits mainly include siliciclastic rock and pelite.The main sedimentary units include slumps inside channel,mass transport depositions(MTD),channel fills,levee-overbank deposits,and frontal lobes etc.In the Early Miocene(SQ1),mainly gull-wing,weakly restricted to unrestricted depositional channel-overbank complexes and lobes developed in the study area.In the early Middle Miocene(SQ2),W-shaped and weakly restricted erosional-depositional channels(multi-phase superposition)developed in the study area.In the late Middle Miocene(SQ3),primarily U-shaped and restricted erosional channels developed.In the Late Miocene(SQ4),largely V-shaped and deeply erosional isolated channels developed.Climate cooling and continuous fall of the sea level made the study area position change from lower continental slope foot-submarine plain to lower continental slope,middle continental slope and finally to upper continental slope,which in turn affected the strength of the gravity flow.The three times of tectonic uplifting and climate cooling in the West African coast provided abundant sediment supply for the development of gravity flow deposits.Multistage activities of salt structures played important roles in separating,channeling and destroying the gravity flow deposits.Clarifying the characteristics,evolution and controlling factors of the Miocene gravity flow deposits in the Lower Congo-Congo Fan Basin can provide reference for deep-water petroleum exploration in this basin.