碳酸酯合成过程催化剂离子液体固载方式研究进展

有机碳酸酯是一类重要的化工原料,常被用在药物合成、绿色添加剂、锂电池电解液以及合成聚碳酸酯等领域,碳酸酯的合成是实现CO2碳资源化最有效的途径之一。固载化离子液体兼具均相催化剂的高活性和固相催化剂易于分离和回收等特点,在碳酸酯合成反应中具有广阔的工业应用前景。综述用于合成碳酸酯的固载化离子液体催化剂固载技术研究进展,总结离子液体的固载方法:物理吸附、配位键合、成酯键合、硅烷偶联键合、碳氮键合以及双键或官能团自聚合;重点评述和比较众多固载方法中离子液体与载体作用方式的本质以及其在碳酸酯合成反应中的催化性能和优缺点,突出键合法合成固载化离子液体催化剂在催化合成碳酸酯领域的优势。并对现阶段用于催化合成碳酸酯的固载化离子液体催化剂存在的问题进行总结,指出固载化离子液体亟待解决的技术难题以及今后的发展方向。

Research progress on immobilization technologies of ionic liquids in carbonates synthesis

Organic carbonates are a series of important chemical raw materials,which are usually applied as the solvent for chemical reactions or used in drug synthesis,green additives,lithium battery electrolyte and functional polycarbonates synthesis.It is the most effective way to realize CO₂ utilization as resources.Immobilized ionic liquids exhibited broad prospect in industrial applications because of their advantages of high activity like homogeneous catalysts and easy separation/recovery as heterogeneous catalysts during the synthesis of carbonates.This paper systematically reviewed the research progresses on immobilization technologies for immobilized ionic liquids used in catalytic synthesis of carbonates and summarizes the immobilization technologies:physical absorption,coordination bonding,ester bonding,silane-coupling bonding,carbon-nitrogen bonding,and unsaturated or functional self-polymerization.In addition,special emphasis and comparison have been paid to the interaction essence between ionic liquids and carriers of different immobilization methods,as well as their catalytic performance,advantages and disadvantages in the synthesis of carbonates.The immobilized ionic liquid synthesized by the bonding method is more suitable for the carbonates synthesis.Finally,the current technical limitations and further researches of immobilized ionic liquids for carbonate synthesis are proposed.