稀有气体Xe/Kr吸附分离研究进展

稀有气体Xe/Kr的高效捕集分离是气体工业、核环境监测和乏燃料处理等领域的重要分离过程之一。氙与氪结构与极化率相似，传统低温精馏方法借助氙与氪的沸点差异实现二者分离，能耗巨大，吸附分离是较为理想的替代分离技术。以金属有机框架材料为代表的新型多孔材料具有结构多样性与高度可设计性，通过调节材料微孔表面的极化环境与孔道窗口结构，借助氙与氪极化率的微小差异，可实现对二者的精准辨识，有良好的吸附分离性能与应用前景。重点综述了金属有机框架材料在氙氪分离中的研究进展，归纳了材料的极化环境、孔道结构、框架柔性等因素对氙氪吸附分离性能的影响规律，探讨了金属有机框架材料在氙氪吸附分离研究中存在的问题和局限，并对未来发展方向进行了展望。

Advancements in adsorption separation of Xe/Kr noble gases

The efficient capture and separation of noble gas Xe/Kr is one of the important separation processes in the gas industry, nuclear environment monitoring, and spent fuel treatment. Xenon and krypton have similar molecular size and polarizability, thus the industrial Xe/Kr separation relies on the energy-intensive cryogenic distillation based on minor difference in boiling point. Adsorption separation is a promising alternative technology. The novel solid porous materials with structural diversity and designability, represented by metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), show great potential in the Xe/Kr adsorption application. The minor difference between xenon and krypton can be accurately discriminated by adjusting the polar pore surface chemistry and pore aperture of MOF materials. In this review, recent advancement in the novel adsorbents for the adsorption separation of xenon and krypton were summarized. The effect of pore surface polarity, pore structure, framework flexibility on the Xe/Kr separation performance were discussed. The current challenges and perspective of MOF materials for Xe/Kr separation were pointed out.