产电细胞的合成生物学设计构建

以产电微生物为核心的微生物电催化系统在能源、环境等诸多领域有着广泛的应用，然而自然环境中野生型产电微生物可利用底物谱窄、底物摄取代谢强度弱，胞内电子池容量小、还原力再生效率差，胞外电子传递速率慢、电子通量小，这已成为限制其工业化应用的主要瓶颈。本文基于产电微生物介导的化学能到电能的能量转化路径，总结阐明了产电微生物的胞内电子生成过程与胞外电子传递机制，系统综述了近五年国内外利用合成生物学增强产电微生物底物摄取利用、强化胞内电子生成、加速胞外电子传递方面的研究进展，并对未来设计构建高效产电细胞研究进行了展望。

Design and construction of exoelectrogens by synthetic biology

Bioelectrocatalysis systems are widely used in a wide range of applications. However, industrial applications of exoelectrogens remain elusive because of narrow available substrate spectrum, weak of ingested and metabolic intensity, poor capacity of intracellular electron, low regeneration efficiency of electron, and small electron flux. This review summarizes the mechanisms of intracellular electron generation and extracellular electron transfer of exoelectrogens based on the metabolic and electron transfer pathway of conversing chemical energy to electrical energy, and then systematically reviews the recent research on enhancing substrate intake, strengthening intracellular electron generation and accelerating extracellular electron transform in exoelectrogens with synthetic biology strategy in last five year. And the future design and construction of high-efficiency electricity-producing cells are prospected.