低维纳米受限离子液体的研究进展

离子液体受限于低维纳米空间时，分子热运动会受到极大限制，导致其结构和性质与三维体相离子液体相比具有显著差异。电场、磁场和温度等外部条件及限域通道的尺寸、表面物化性质和几何形貌等因素会极大地影响低维纳米受限离子液体的微观结构与物化性质。本综述围绕低维纳米受限离子液体的最新研究进展，介绍了常用的实验和理论方法，总结了低维纳米受限离子液体结构和氢键网络的动态调控机理，讨论了不同低维纳米受限离子液体体系的热力学性质、物化性质和结构相变等特性，梳理了低维纳米受限离子液体体系在气体分离、限域催化和超级电容器储能等方面的应用，最后展望了低维纳米受限离子液体未来的前景与挑战。

Research progress of low-dimensional nanoconfined ionic liquids

When ionic liquids are confined in low-dimensional (LD) nano-spaces, the thermal motion of molecules will be greatly limited, resulting in significant differences in the structures and properties compared with three-dimensional bulk ionic liquids. At the same time, the external conditions such as electric fields, magnetic fields and temperatures, as well as factors like the size of the confined nano-space, the physicochemical properties and geometric morphology of the confined surface could also greatly affect the structures and physicochemical properties of LD nanoconfined ionic liquids. In this paper, based on the latest research progress of LD nanoconfined ionic liquids, the experimental and theoretical methods suitable for LD nanoconfined ionic liquids systems are introduced. The dynamic regulation mechanism of LD nano-spaces on the structures and hydrogen bonding networks of confined ionic liquids is also summarized. Moreover, the thermodynamic properties, physicochemical properties and structural phase transition of different LD nanoconfined ionic liquids systems are discussed. Furthermore, the applications of LD nanoconfined ionic liquids systems in gas separation, confined catalysis and energy storage of supercapacitors are combed. Finally, the prospects and challenges of LD nanoconfined ionic liquids are discussed.