Optofluidic waveguides: I. Concepts and implementations |
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Authors: | Holger Schmidt Aaron R Hawkins |
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Affiliation: | (1) School of Engineering, MS: SOE-2, UC Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;(2) ECEn Department, Brigham Young University, 459 Clyde Building, Provo, UT 84602, USA |
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Abstract: | We review recent developments and current status of liquid-core optical waveguides in optofluidics with emphasis on suitability
for creating fully planar optofluidic labs-on-a-chip. In this first of two contributions, we give an overview of the different
waveguide types that are being considered for effectively combining micro and nanofluidics with integrated optics. The large
number of approaches is separated into conventional index-guided waveguides and more recent implementations using wave interference.
The underlying principle for waveguiding and the current status are described for each type. We then focus on reviewing recent
work on microfabricated liquid-core antiresonant reflecting optical (ARROW) waveguides, including the development of intersecting
2D waveguide networks and optical fluorescence and Raman detection with planar beam geometry. Single molecule detection capability
and addition of electrical control for electrokinetic manipulation and analysis of single bioparticles are demonstrated. The
demonstrated performance of liquid-core ARROWs is representative of the potential of integrated waveguides for on-chip detection
with ultrahigh sensitivity, and points the way towards the next generation of high-performance, low-cost and portable biomedical
instruments. |
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Keywords: | Optofluidics Integrated optics Waveguides Fluorescence spectroscopy Single molecule detection |
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