质子交换膜燃料电池系统动态控制研究

质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）具有噪声低、红外特征弱，可靠性高等特点，在军用车辆和野外电源等领域有一定的应用价值。燃料电池系统的反应特性与其内部结构、反应环境等多种因素有关，而受传感器的限制，电堆内部质子交换膜的温、湿度等因素无法直接测量，系统每一次的反应特性也不尽相同，系统模型难以确立，传统的精确控制对系统湿度调节效果不佳。本文以3 kW风 冷式PEMFC为研究对象，设计了一个简化控制系统，对PEMFC系统湿度进行动态控制，使电堆湿度在阈值范围内周期性变化，摆脱了控制方式对系统模型的依赖性，解决了燃料电池内部湿度均匀性问题，并通过实验验证了该控制方法的可行性及效果。

Research on Dynamic Control of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System

With the advantages of low noise, low infrared signature and high dependability, the fuel cells can be used for the military vehicles and field power supply. The reaction characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system are affected by self configuration, environment and other factors. For the limit of sensor technology, the inner temperature and humidity of the fuel system can’t be measured immediately, and its reaction characteristics are different every time. System model is difficult to build, its inner humidity can’t be well controlled using a traditional control method. For 3 kW PEMFC system, a simple control system was built to control the humidity dynamically, which keeps the humidity changing up and down alternately in dynamic threshold. The limit of system model is get rid of by this method, avoiding the humidity excursion caused by steadily control. Finally the feasibility of this control method was validated through experiment.