岩石隧道掘进机的施工预测模型

分析了岩石隧道掘进机的破岩机理,介绍了自上世纪70年代以来发展的一系列施工预测模型,包括单因素预测模型、综合预测模型(CSM模型和NTNU模型)、岩体分类预测模型(QTBM模型)、概率模型、模糊神经网络模型。单因素预测模型中包括的主要岩石材料参数有岩石单轴抗压强度、抗拉强度及岩石的总硬度;CSM模型主要是基于线性切割试验机岩石试验数据,其初始预测模型中包括岩石单轴抗压强度及抗拉强度;NTNU模型是一套完整的预测模型,包括掘进速度、进度预测、刀具的磨损预测及经济分析,在它的施工进度预测模型中,考虑到了岩石的可钻性、孔隙度及岩体节理的密度及方向;QTBM模型源自于Q系统,加入了一些与隧道掘进机及与掘进速度相关的参数;概率模型是基于一个庞大数据库的类比模拟模型;模糊神经网络模型是一种黑箱模型,克服了输入与输出之间的不确定性关系。

PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF HARD ROCK TBM TUNNELING

The rock breakage mechanisms induced by TBM cutters are analyzed. A series of TBM performance prediction models developed since 1970s are introduced, which include the single factor prediction model, CSM (Colorado School of Mines) model, NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) model, QTBM model, probabilistic model and neuro-fuzzy model. The single factor prediction model only utilizes one parameter of the rock material properties, such as rock uniaxial compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength or the total hardness, to predict the TBM penetration rate. Based on the database of measured cutting force generated in the Linear Cutting Machine(LCM) with disc cutter in different rock types, CSM proposed a prediction model of multiple variable regression analysis. In this model, the rock uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength are taken in consideration. NTNU model is based on extensive laboratory tests, TBM performance data and geological mapping data. The model can predict net penetration rate, cutter life, machine utilization and excavation cost step by step. Rock drillability, porosity, joint spacing and orientation are taken into account in its penetration rate prediction model. The probabilistic model is based on a large database of over 600 public domain case histories. QTBM is originated form the Q system, and the difference is some new parameters that are relevant to the TBM performance are considered. The neuro-fuzzy model is a black box model, which may not consider the interaction between TBM and rock mass that still is regarded as a dynamic, uncertain, complex and non-linear and ill-defined process.