粤北甘蔗低产低糖原因及其对策

本文深入分析了广东重要蔗区粤北甘蔗低产低糖的原因,指出:早春低温多雨,不利于甘蔗下种和苗期生长,后期干旱低温又来得早,甘蔗早停止伸长,是导致当地甘蔗产量、糖分不高的主要环境因素;品种老化、退化严重,植期偏迟,露地栽培,偏施、重施速效氮肥及施后不盖泥,虫害、病害、草害严重等是造成甘蔗低产低糖的主要栽培管理原因.并提出了相应的高产高糖综合栽培技术措施,主要包括:推广早熟高糖新品种,提早种植,推广地膜覆盖栽培,机犁深耕,测土配方施肥,以基肥、复合肥为主,深施、施后盖泥,综合防治虫病草害等.

Study on the Reasons of Low Cane Yield and Low Sugar Production and Their Countermeasures in the North of Guangdong Province

The courses of low cane yield and low sugar production in the north of Guangdong province were fully discussed in this report. It was pointed out that cold and rainy weather in early spring was not favorable for sugarcane germination and early growing, and drought and chilly weather in autumn or early winter was also unsuitable for sugarcane growing. Cultivar degeneration, delayed planting, open.field cultivation in early season, unreasonable obsession on the application of quick-acting nitrogen without covering the applied fertilizer with soil, severe damages by pests, diseases and weeds, were the main courses for low cane yield and low sucrose production. Countermeasures for increasing cane yield and sucrose content were also presented. New early maturing varieties with high cane yield and high sucrose content should be extended. Cultivation measures, such as earlier planting, film mulch, deep plowing, tractor furrowing, and balanced fertilization based on soil diagnosis, should be applied. Furrow applying of complex fertilizer, soil covering after deep fertilization, integrated control of pests, diseases and weeds were also recommended in this paper.