基于波动方程的地震观测系统设计方法研究

基于非零炮检距的真振幅单程波动方程地震叠前正演和叠前偏移理论，提出了基于波动方程的地震观测系统设计方法．采用真振幅单程波动方程进行计算，补偿了几何扩散造成的能量损失；正演记录只包含一次反射波和不规则点的绕射波，具有很高的信噪比．理论模型的实验结果表明基于波动方程的波场快照与射线路径具有很好的类比关系，可以定性地描述地震波的传播；在消除界面的波阻抗差异的影响后，正演记录的叠前偏移剖面不仅与原始地质模型具有很好的对应关系，而且其同相轴的能量与覆盖次数成正比，通过提取目标层位的能量可以定量地分析覆盖次数的高低．

Design of Seismic Layout Based on a Wave Equation

According to non-zero offset seismic modeling with true-amplitude one-way wave equation and prestack migration, a seismic layout designing method based on a wave equation was proposed. Using true-amplitude one-way wave equation, the energy loss by geometric diffusion can be compensated. The forward modeling data has higher S/N, which only contains a primary reflection and unregular diffraction. The results show that the wavefield snapshots based on a wave equation are similar to ray paths and can qualitatively describe the promulgation of seismic waves. After eliminating the affection of wave impedance, the prestack migration profile is corresponding to the original geological model, and the energy of the object event is in proportion to the fold number. So it is possible to analyze the fold number from the energy histogram of the object layer to guide the design of seismic layout.