Family diagnosis in psychological disorders of children and adolescents

The distribution of choline acetyltransferase messenger RNA (mRNA) among efferent vestibular neurons in the chinchilla was investigated. mRNA coding for choline acetyltransferase, the enzyme that synthesizes acetylcholine, was used as a marker for the cholinergic system. In order to retrogradely label the efferent vestibular neurons, Fluoro-gold was injected through the oval window into the inner ear of anesthetized young male chinchillas (6 to 12 months old). The animals were anesthetized and perfused through the heart 2 days post injection with 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffer. Retrogradely labeled efferent vestibular neurons were mapped in brainstem sections prior to processing for in situ hybridization histochemistry using radiolabeled ribonucleic acid probes complementary to the 3' end of the choline acetyltransferase mRNA. At the levels of the ascending facial nerve and the genu of the facial nerve, we found that approximately 90% of the Fluoro-gold labeled cells in group E1 contained choline acetyltransferase mRNA. All of the group E2 cells that were labeled with Fluoro-gold were found to be cholinergic (contain choline acetyltransferase mRNA). Finally, 60% of the Fluoro-gold-labeled cells in the caudal pontine reticular nucleus contained choline acetyltransferase mRNA.