管道自动焊接过程中微调控制的作用机理

为了实现管道自动化焊接过程自适应调节，在分析了错边量、间隙、干伸长等一元或多元变量因素对管道自动化焊接过程影响的基础上，研究了焊接过程中微调动作在改善焊缝成形及保证自动化焊接质量方面的作用机理。研究结果表明:通过对焊枪位置、摆动幅度以及焊接速度的适时调节来控制不同变量因素条件下热输入、熔池液态金属流动和焊丝填充量的变化，优化焊接工艺参数与焊缝成形系数的匹配，可大幅减小钢管尺寸误差、坡口加工和组对等因素对焊缝成形的不良影响；微调动作机理应用在焊缝追踪系统中，可以为实现管道焊接全自动化、智能化控制应用提供理论和试验依据。

Mechanism of Fine Tuning in Pipeline Automatic Welding Process

In order to realize the self-adaptive adjustment of pipeline automatic welding process, based on the analysis of the influence of univariate or multivariate variable factors such as misalignment, weld gap and long electrical stickouts on pipeline automatic welding process, the mechanism of fine tuning in improving weld formation and ensuring automatic welding quality is studied. The results show that by adjusting the position of welding torch, swing amplitude and welding speed, the changes of heat input, molten metal flow in molten pool and welding wire filling amount under different variable conditions are controlled. The matching of welding process parameters and weld forming coefficient can be optimized, which can greatly reduce the adverse effects of pipe size error, groove processing, matching and other factors on weld formation. The application of fine adjustment mechanism in weld tracking system can provide theoretical and experimental basis for realizing automatic and intelligent control of pipeline welding.