Solar energy-conversion processes in organic solar cells

Organic semiconducting materials have demonstrated attractive light-absorption and photocurrent-generation functions due to their delocalized π electrons as well as intra-molecular and inter-molecular charge separation processes. On the other hand, organic semiconducting materials have easy property tuning, are mechanically flexible, and have large-area thin film formation properties. As a result, organic materials have become potential candidates in solar energy applications. This article will review critical energy-conversion processes in organic solar cells with the focus on singlet and triplet photovoltaic responses.