A study in the mechanical milling of alumina powder |
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Authors: | Caroline B. Reid Jennifer S. Forrester Heather J. Goodshaw Erich H. Kisi Gregg J. Suaning |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Medical Physics, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, London, United Kingdom;2. School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 New South Wales, Australia;3. Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 New South Wales, Australia |
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Abstract: | The mechanical milling of alumina in order to reduce grain sizes to ≤100 nm has been proposed as a means of reducing sintering temperatures and improving pressureless sintered density, particularly as a means of allowing co-firing with metallic components for biomedical implants. There is a persistent problem with contamination from the milling media, usually hardened steel which can be only partially alleviated by acid leaching. We have explored the use of alternative milling media with a view to reducing the levels of contamination. Alumina powders were milled with hardened steel, tungsten carbide, alumina and zirconia milling media under identical conditions of ball mass:powder mass ratio 10:1 and target milling times of 32 h. All of the milling media were found to cause unacceptable levels of contamination. Zirconia media gave the lowest contamination (3–4%) and in some circumstances, the addition of a small amount of zirconia may lead to increased toughness without loss of bio-compatibility. |
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Keywords: | D. Al2O3 Alumina Mechanical milling Milling media Contamination |
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