Secular trend in body height since the Neolithic period

Rat mesangial cells express two unique isoforms of laminin which can be modulated by culture medium composition. To define further the nature of laminin expressed by cultured rat mesangial cells, synthesis of individual laminin chains, as well as their trimeric association, was examined. Based on data from Northern analysis of mRNA expression, immunoblots, immunofluorescence staining and radioimmunoprecipitation of biosynthetically labeled proteins, mesangial cells express laminin beta1, beta2, and gamma1 chains. Mesangial cells do not express laminin alpha1 or alpha2. MC produce a unique alpha chain, designated alpha'm. These laminin chains assemble into two major isoforms. One contains alpha'mbeta1gamma1, co-precipitates with entactin and is assembled into the fibrillar extracellular matrix. The second isoform contains alpha'mbeta2 and a presumed gamma chain that migrates in gel slightly ahead of gamma1. The beta2-containing isoform is concentrated in punctate sites on the cell surface. In addition, mesangial cells display different phenotypes when plated on laminin-1 (alpha1beta1gamma1), as compared to purified beta2. An LRE-containing peptide of laminin beta2 serves as an attachment site for mesangial cells and is sufficient to induce the phenotype observed with intact beta2. These data suggest that laminin isoform expression plays an important role in mesangial cell phenotype and function.