Improving of high birefringence photonic crystal fiber with low confinement loss using small elliptical air holes in the core region

In this paper, a novel design double lattice photonic crystal fiber is proposed for achieving both high birefringence and low confinement loss. In this structure, circular air holes are arranged as octagonal lattice in the cladding and elliptical as rectangular lattice in the core region. Numerical results illustrate that the birefringence in such fibers is determined not only by the double lattice but also the changing of the shape and the arrangement of the air hole in the first inner rings of the cladding. The birefringence property and confinement loss are studied by employing the finite difference time domain method with transparent boundary condition. The numerical results demonstrate that the maximal birefringence and lowest confinement loss of our optimized structure PCF at the excitation wavelength of λ = 1550 nm can be achieved at 5.16 × 10^?2 and 0.003 dB/km, respectively.