Ray-tracing and Aberration Formulae for a General Optical System |
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| Authors: | Y Wang HH Hopkins |
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| Affiliation: | 1. J. J. Thomson Physical Laboratory , Reading University , Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 2AF, England;2. Optical Engineering Department , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing, 100081, PR China;3. J. J. Thomson Physical Laboratory , Reading University , Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 2AF, England |
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| Abstract: | Abstract All aspects of the ray-tracing and of the calculation of the monochromatic and chromatic aberrations for a completely general optical system are treated. These include the specification of the system, the ray-tracing formulae for refraction, reflection and transfer, the introduction of pseudo-paraxial variables in the object and image spaces, the determination of the pupil domain and the best image plane, plus calculation of aberrations along rays. Hopkins' canonical coordinates are employed in the object and image space to facilitate the calculation of the aberration polynomial coefficients, for use in the evaluation of diffraction-based image criteria, such as the point spread function. All the formulae involved are always determinate and of good accuracy, no matter whether the object, image or either pupil, of the system is at finite distance or at infinity. |
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