Chromium electrodeposition from Cr(III) aqueous solutions

The aim of this work is to study an alternative plating process to obtain chromium coatings through electrodeposition from baths containing trivalent chromium, as aqueous solutions of Cr (III) are significantly less dangerous, in terms of human health and environmental impact, as compared to the traditional Cr (VI) baths employed for this purpose. In order to overcome problems regarding the reduction of Cr (III) in aqueous solution, two approaches were followed: i) the possibility of co-depositing chromium along with a second metal, which could help the process of discharge of Cr³⁺ on the substrate; ii) the use of a specific ligand for the Cr³⁺ ion, which can generate easily reducible complexes at the metal-solution interphase. Both approaches led to interesting results: in particular, the co-deposition enabled us to obtain NiCr alloy with a high percentage of chromium, and the deposition using specific complexing agents allowed optimal bath compositions to be developed both for decorative and hard chromium plating.