基于机器视觉及三维定标SOPC沉降仪设计

针对沉降仪监测效率和精度低的不足，提出基于SOPC技术设计沉降信息采集仪。首先，建立视场的投影三维旋转矩阵模型，求解摄像头内参和外参矩阵，实现采集仪的标定；其次，为提高检测效率，合理划分硬件和软件功能模块，设计基于NIOS的自定义COM接口模块和数据读写状态机，并在FPGA上实现采集图像的二值化去噪及分割等算法；最后，采用棋盘格实现采集仪的标定。通过与传统水准仪及其他检测方法对比可得，算法在效率上和检测精度上更优，检测精度达到2.1%。

SOPC Settlement Meter Based on Machine Vision and 3D Calibration

In view of the low efficiency and accuracy of settlement monitoring instrument,a settlement information acquisition instrument based on system on programmable chip (SOPC) technology is proposed.Firstly,the model of projection three-dimensional rotation matrix for the field of view is established,and the internal and external parameter matrix of camera is calculated in order to realize the calibration of the acquisition instrument.Secondly,in order to improve the detection efficiency and reasonably devide the hardware and software function modules,a custom COM interface module and state machine for data read-write based on NIOS are designed,and algorithm of the binarization nose removing and segmentation for the collected image are implemented on the field programmable gate array (FPGA).Thirdly,the checkerboard is used to calibrate the acquisition instrument.Compared with the traditional level and other detection methods,this algorithm has better efficiency and detection accuracy,and the detection accuracy reaches 2.1%.