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蔬菜对多环芳烃的吸收富集特性及清洗剂筛选
引用本文:乔双雨,龙明华,赵体跃,张会敏,孙俏建,何嘉楠,熊华澍,梁勇生.蔬菜对多环芳烃的吸收富集特性及清洗剂筛选[J].食品工业科技,2021,42(3):191-200.
作者姓名:乔双雨  龙明华  赵体跃  张会敏  孙俏建  何嘉楠  熊华澍  梁勇生
作者单位:1. 广西大学农学院, 广西南宁 530004;2. 浙江长征职业技术学院, 浙江杭州 310023;3. 南宁市农业科学研究所, 广西南宁 530021
基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系广西创新团队建设项目(nycytxgxcxtd-10-03);国家自然科学基金项目(31360479);广西自然科学基金项目(2014GXNSFAA118100)。
摘    要:研究蔬菜在浸毒暴露下对多环芳烃(PAHs)的吸收特性及优选降解蔬菜中PAHs的最佳清洗剂。选取番茄、辣椒、茄子、黄瓜、白萝卜、豆角、油麦菜作为实验样本,分别在500 μg/kg的PAHs溶液浸毒2、4 h,检测蔬菜果皮等暴露部分和果瓤中PAHs含量,分析不同蔬菜对PAHs的富集特性;比较不同蔬菜中PAHs平均含量的变异系数,筛选均一试验材料,通过进一步实验确定蔬菜适宜的浸毒处理条件。应用8种清洗剂处理浸毒蔬菜,以5种PAHs降解效果为评价标准,优选最佳清洗剂。浸毒处理后,多数蔬菜表现出果皮等暴露部分对PAHs富集能力比果瓤强,并且随PAHs环数增加,向内迁移能力下降;通过比较PAHs含量变异系数得出,除油麦菜外,其它蔬菜均变现内外含量变化不一致,果瓤平均含量数据波动大;以油麦菜为试材,通过进一步试验确定浸毒条件为PAHs溶液浓度500 μg/kg,浸毒时间60 min。不同清洗剂处理对油麦菜中5种PAHs降解效果整体表现为轻质PAHs>重质PAHs,其中果蔬清洗剂和臭氧水降解效果最差,超声波清洗仅对轻质PAHs具有良好降解效果,降解率可达72.72%;优选清洗剂处理共7组且均为氧化剂处理,其中800 mg/L的Fenton (nH2O2:nFeSO4=8∶1)试剂降解效果最好,对油麦菜中轻质PAHs平均降解率为79.29%,重质PAHs为59.07%。通过探究蔬菜对PAHs的富集特性及对比不同清洗处理对PAHs的降解效果,为有效控制污染及消费者挑选合理、高效清洗剂提供理论指导。

关 键 词:蔬菜    多环芳烃    吸收富集    清洗剂    降解效果
收稿时间:2020-04-08

Absorption and Enrichment Characteristics of PAHs in Vegetables and the Screening of Cleaning Agents for PAHs
QIAO Shuangyu,LONG Minghua,ZHAO Tiyue,ZHANG Huimin,SUN Qiaojian,HE Jianan,XIONG Huashu,LIANG Yongsheng.Absorption and Enrichment Characteristics of PAHs in Vegetables and the Screening of Cleaning Agents for PAHs[J].Science and Technology of Food Industry,2021,42(3):191-200.
Authors:QIAO Shuangyu  LONG Minghua  ZHAO Tiyue  ZHANG Huimin  SUN Qiaojian  HE Jianan  XIONG Huashu  LIANG Yongsheng
Affiliation:1. Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;2. Zhejiang Changzheng Vocational & Technical College, Hangzhou 310023, China;3. Nanning Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
Abstract:The purpose of this project was to study the absorption and enrichment characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in vegetables,and to optimize the cleaning agent for PAHs degradation.In this experiment,tomato,pepper,eggplant,cucumber,radish,beans,Lactuca sativa were selected as experimental samples and soaked in 500μg/kg PAHs solution for 2,4 h respectively.PAHs concentration characteristics of different vegetables were analyzed by detecting PAHs content in the exposed part of the peel and the pulp of vegetables.By comparing the coefficient of variation of PAHs average content in different vegetables,the uniform experimental materials were screened,and then the appropriate conditions of soaking were determined through further experiments.Eight kinds of cleaning agents were used to treat the toxic vegetables,and then chose the degradation effect as the evaluation standard to select the best cleaning agent.After soaking treatment,most of the vegetables showed that the PAHs enrichment ability of the peel was stronger than that of the pulp,and the PAHs migration ability decreased with the increase of PAHs ring number.By comparing the variation coefficient of PAHs content,except the Lactuca sativa,the changes of contents of vegetables were not consistent,and the average content of fruit pulp fluctuated greatly.With Lactuca sativa as the experimental material,the results showed that the appropriate immersion condition was 500μg/kg of PAHs solution and 60 min of immersion time.The degradation rate of lightweight PAHs was higher than that of heavy PAHs in Lactuca sativa treated with five cleaning agents.By comparing the degradation rate of PAHs of different cleaning agents,and the results showed that detergents and ozone water had the worst degradation ability,and ultrasonic cleaning only had good degradation effect on light PAHs,with the degradation rate up to 72.72%.There were 7 groups of the optimal cleaning agent treatments,all of which were oxidant treatments.The degradation rate of each treatment group was compared,it was found that the best degradation effect was achieved when the concentration of Fenton(nH 2O 2∶nFeSO 4=8∶1)reagent was 800 mg/L,with an average degradation rate of 79.29%for light and 59.07%for heavy PAHs in Lactuca sativa.By exploring the enrichment characteristics of vegetables for PAHs and comparing the degradation effects of different cleaning treatments on PAHs,this experiment provided theoretical guidance for effective pollution control and consumers to select the reasonable and efficient cleaning agents.
Keywords:vegetable  polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)  absorption and enrichment  cleaning agents  degradation effect
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