甘肃五市伴生放射性矿污染源调查成果及处理意见

伴生放射性矿普查是重要的国情调查,是近两年在全国范围内开展的重要环保工作之一。对甘肃省天水市、平凉市、临夏回族自治州、张掖市、酒泉市5个地市81家涉及伴生放射性污染的企业进行初测,调查结果显示这5个地市的辐射环境本底水平在54~114 nGy/h之间,与甘肃省近几年辐射环境本底相当；伴生放射性污染源主要分布在敦煌市,涉及的矿种主要为钒矿,污染源类型为钒矿废渣,测量值一般是本底水平的3~5倍,对辐射环境影响较大,其他矿种测量值均较小。分析研究之后,笔者建议在加强敦煌市钒矿生产企业环境辐射监测、加强对钒矿原矿和固体废物中铀、磷等有用资源综合利用的同时,还应开展伴生放射性矿污染物防治技术研究。通过调查研究,了解了五市的辐射环境本底水平及主要伴生放射性污染源,健全了伴生放射性矿污染源信息数据库,可为伴生放射性矿环境辐射监管提供科学依据。

Investigation results and treatment suggestions on pollution sources of associated radioactive minerals in five cities of Gansu Province

The general survey of associated radioactive mines is an important national survey and an important environmental protection work carried out nationwide in recent two years. A preliminary survey was conducted on 81 enterprises involved in associated radioactive pollution in Tianshui, Pingliang, Linxia, Zhangye and Jiuquan, Gansu Province. The survey results show that the background level of radiation environment in these five cities is between 54 nGy/h and 114 nGy/h, which is equivalent to that in Gansu Province in recent years; The associated radioactive pollution sources are mainly distributed in Dunhuang. The minerals involved are mainly vanadium ores. The pollution source type is vanadium ore waste residue. The measured value is generally 3~5 times the background level, which has a great impact on the radiation environment, and the measured values of other minerals are small. After the analysis and research, the author suggests that while strengthening the environmental radiation monitoring of vanadium ore production enterprises in Dunhuang and strengthening the comprehensive utilization of uranium, phosphorus and other useful resources in vanadium ore raw ore and solid waste, the research on the prevention and control technology of associated radioactive ore pollutants should also be carried out. Through this study, the background level of radiation environment and the main associated radioactive pollution sources in five cities were known, and the information database of associated radioactive mine pollution sources was improved, which can provide scientific basis for the environmental radiation supervision of associated radioactive mines.