Antimicrobial compression-moulded wheat gluten films containing potassium sorbate

Antimicrobial glycerol-plasticized wheat gluten (WG) films containing potassium sorbate (PS) were successfully produced by compression moulding; a thermoplastic process involving high temperature and high pressure. Antifungal properties of the films were tested against Aspergillus niger and Fusarium incarnatum by the agar diffusion assay. The results indicated that films containing more than 10 wt.% PS showed antimicrobial activity against A. niger while films containing 2.5 wt.% or more of PS showed antimicrobial activity against F. incarnatum. It was also found that when the film was exposed to an absorbing medium (the agar solution), most of the PS was released, an interesting feature for edible active packaging. Despite the loss, a very promising result was that, without seeding of spores, the films resisted microbial growth for at least one week when the films were left in the agar solution. X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that the PS crystals were dissolved in the wheat gluten material. In addition to the antimicrobial properties, dynamic mechanical, tensile, PS loss, water vapour transmission rate and oxygen permeability data also indicated that PS acted as a plasticiser in the wheat gluten film.