综采工作面过大落差断层深孔预裂爆破技术

为解决综采工作面遇大落差硬岩断层阻碍推采问题，分析传统过断层方法以及现有研究技术弊端，对过大落差断层深孔预裂爆破技术展开系统研究。针对大落差断层产状不明晰，过断层路径设计不精确的问题，提出了断层产状探测技术，优选断层探巷布置方案，根据其揭露信息建立了断层走向计算模型;针对深孔爆破技术在工作面、运输巷、回风巷不适用的问题，研究预掘爆破巷关键技术，提出了爆破巷布置原则及布置参数计算方法，确定了爆破巷内实施深孔预裂爆破的方案，设计了耳式硐室施工方法，解决了大药量集中爆破难题;基于岩石爆破理论，结合过大落差断层工程特点，针对性设计孔径、孔深、装药量、封堵长度、炮孔布置及爆破振动安全控制，形成了完整的爆破参数选取及计算方法。新巨龙煤矿2302N工作面下平巷揭露综合落差125 m硬岩断层，通过下平巷揭露点依次布置的6个探测孔，探明了断层向工作面延展初始走向，设计了垂直断层走向、沿煤层底板掘进探巷方案以及沿断层下盘煤层底板掘进爆破巷方案;通过实测信息规划了过断层路径，根据路径内断层产状变化划分了8个爆破区域，设计了各区域内爆破布置参数，并借助数值模拟对爆破效果进行了预测分析。应用效果表明，爆破裂隙贯通效果良好，采煤机过断层截齿消耗减少了40%~50%，相比传统过断层方法节省了时间一倍以上。新巨龙煤矿多个工作面均成功完成了过大落差工程应用，在保障工作面高效连续推采、减少过断层成本、保证爆破安全等方面取得了良好的效果。

Deep hole pre splitting blasting technology when fully mechanized coal mining face passes through high drop fault

In order to solve the problem,that the hard rock fault with a large throw hinders the advance  of a fully mechanized mining face,this paper analyzes the disadvantages of the traditional method for passing through the fault and the existing technologie.Also,the paper carries out a systematic study on the deep hole pre splitting blasting technology for passing through the fault with a large throw.Aiming at the problems of unclear occurrence of fault with a large throw and inaccurate designed path for passing through fault,it puts forward fault occurrence detection technology and the optimized layout for fault detection roadway.Based on the revealed information,the fault strike calculation model is established.Aiming at the problem that deep hole blasting technology is not suitable for working face and groove,it studies the key technology of pre excavation blasting roadway,and puts forward the layout principle and calculation method of layout parameters of blasting roadway.It determines the scheme of deep hole pre splitting blasting in blasting roadway,designs the construction method of ear chamber,and solves the problem of concentrated blasting with large amount of explosive.Based on the theory of rock blasting,combined with the characteristics of fault engineering with large throw difference,the blasting parameter selection and calculation method are completed by designing the hole diameter,hole depth,charge mass,plugging length,hole layout and blasting vibration safety control.The underground roadway of 2302N working face at Xinjulong Coal Mine reveals a hard rock fault with a comprehensive drop 12.5 m.Through the exposure points of lower roadway and six detection holes arranged in sequence,the initial strike of the fault extending to the working face is verified,and the vertical strike of the fault,the driving scheme along the floor of the coal seam and the driving scheme along the floor of the coal seam under the fault are designed.Based on the measured information,it plans the path through the fault.According to the change of fault occurrence in the path,it divides eight blasting regions,designs the blasting layout parameters in each region,and predicts and analyzes the blasting effect by means of numerical simulation.The application results show that the blasting fissure penetration effect is good,the consumption of shearer picks through the fault is reduced by 40%-50%,and the time is reduced to half  compared with the time using traditional method through the fault.The technology for passing large throw fault have been successfully applied in many working faces in Xinjulong coal mine.It has achieved good results in ensuring high efficiency continuous mining,reducing the cost of passing through fault and ensuring blasting safety.The practice has proved that this technique is widely applicable in dealing with large throw fault at a fully mechanized mining face.