高分子抑尘剂对褐煤矿场细颗粒物的抑制特性

为减少褐煤矿场中无组织排放的细颗粒物进入大气，避免其对人体健康、生产安全和大气环境造成严重危害，选取聚丙烯酸乳液、瓜尔豆胶、聚丙烯酰胺和羧甲基纤维素钠4种高分子单体，通过结壳硬度衰减实验筛选得到性能优良的单体瓜尔豆胶。以表面张力和接触角实验比较吐温-20、曲拉通X-100、十二烷基硫酸钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠 4种表面活性剂溶液对褐煤颗粒的润湿性能，实验发现非离子表面活性剂曲拉通X-100对褐煤粉尘的润湿性能最优。将高分子单体瓜尔豆胶复配以表面活性剂曲拉通X-100，开发得到一种褐煤矿场专用的结壳型抑尘剂。通过抗风蚀性能实验，考察不同单体浓度、不同风速条件对固化层风蚀后颗粒物数量浓度和粒度分布的影响，优选出最佳抑尘剂配方为质量分数0.7%的瓜尔豆胶和0.1%的曲拉通X-100。该抑尘剂可使煤堆表面固化形成具有一定厚度和强度的防护层，10 d后固化层硬度仍可达61.43，能抵抗15 m/s风速侵蚀而不受影响，足以应对北方大风天气。细颗粒物数量浓度降低至3.69×105 cm-3，颗粒物数量浓度峰值出现在0.85 μm左右，低粒径段颗粒物抑制效率总体由30.1%提高至94.4%，粒径0.1 μm左右的细颗粒物抑制效率增幅达到64%。实验结果表明，该抑尘剂对细颗粒物的抑制效果明显，是适合褐煤矿场专用的原材料易得、环保高效的抑尘剂。

Inhibition characteristics of polymer suppressant on fine particles in lignite mines

To reduce the fine particles in lignite mine and avoid serious harm to human health,production safety and the atmosphere,four poly monomers were selected.Through the attenuation of crust hardness and anti rain erosion experiment,guar gum was ascertained to be a monomer with excellent properties.Through the surface tension and contact angle experiments,Tween-20,Triton X-100,sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate were compared to determine which one has the best wetting property for lignite particles.Nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 was found to be the best.A crust type of lignite dust suppressant was developed by modifying guar gum with nonionic surfactant Triton X-100.The effects of monomer concentration and wind speed on the number concentration and size distribution of cured layer after wind erosion were investigated.The optimal dust suppressant formulation was guar gum at a mass concentration of 0.7% and Triton X-100 at 0.1%.It indicates that a protective layer with a certain thickness and strength is formed on the coal surface after the spraying of suppressant,and the hardness can reach 61.43 after 10 days.The solidified layer can resist the erosion of 15 m/s wind speed,and is enough to cope with the windy weather in the north.Furthermore,the number concentration decreases to 3.69×105 cm-3,the peak of particulate number concentration appears at about 0.85 μm.The removal efficiency of particulate matter in low size segment increases from 30.1% to 94.4%,and the inhibition efficiency of fine particles with a diameter of about 0.1 μm increases by 64%.The results show that the suppressant has an obvious effect on restraining fine particle.And it is an easily available,environmental friendly and high efficiency dust suppressant for lignite mines.