草原露天煤矿区不同复垦模式效果对比

草原露天煤矿地处水土资源匮乏的干旱西部生态脆弱区，实现有限水土资源的高效合理利用是矿区土地复垦与生态恢复中的关键所在。以内蒙古大唐胜利东二号露天矿为研究对象，采用野外典型调查的方法，分析了复垦矿区不同表土堆存方式下土壤质量的变化，并对不同复垦模式排土场平台和边坡植被恢复效果进行对比。研究表明：表土在草原露天煤矿复垦中起着至关重要的作用，散状的表土存放方式能更好地保持表土的质量和特性，“覆表土+草帘+打网格+施化肥”的排土场平台复垦模式和“覆表土+覆草帘+草方格”的排土场边坡复垦模式下表层土壤质量和植被恢复效果最佳，但仍然低于原地貌水平。研究成果可为草原露天煤矿区土地复垦与生态重建提供技术支撑和理论依据。

Effects Comparison of Different Reclamation Modes in Grassland Opencast Coalmine Area

Grassland opencast coalmine area is located in the soil and water resources arid ecological fragile areas in the west.Therefore，that to achieve the most efficient use of the limited water and topsoil resources in grassland area，plays a crucial role in land reclamation and ecological restoration.Taking East II opencast coalmine in Datang，Inner Mongolia of China as an example，the field investigation method was used to study the soil quality variation under different topsoil storage methods，and to analyze the topsoil quality variation and vegetation restoration effects under different dump platform and dump slope reclamation modes in the grassland opencast coalmine area.Research results show that topsoil plays a vital role in land reclamation in grassland opencast coalmine area，and the heap shape topsoil storage mode is more beneficial to maintain the soil quality and properties.The mode “covering topsoil + covering straws + grass grid + applying fertilization” in dump platform and the mode “covering topsoil + covering straws + grass grid” in dump slope can lead to the best topsoil quality and vegetation restoration effects.But it was still less than the original landscape topsoil quality level.The research can provide technical support and theory basis for land reclamation and ecological restoration in the grassland area.