尾矿坝溃坝对下游淹没和撞击的研究

尾矿库坝体发生漫顶、垮塌、坝体滑坡、渗漏等溃坝因素导致尾矿库溃坝，溃坝后高势能的尾砂形成尾砂泥石流冲向下游，对下游居民的生命财产构成严重的威胁。针对以尾矿坝溃坝为尾矿库安全事故灾害中的突出问题，以宝山荷叶塘尾矿库为例，运用分步数值模拟方法将尾砂泥石流运移、淹没这一动量过程和尾砂泥石流与障碍物撞击这一力学过程相结合分析尾矿库4#副坝溃坝时对其下游马鞍岭公路的安全影响，尾矿库溃坝后尾砂对下游公路的淹没和尾砂泥石流运移的规律直接影响着灾害能量的变化，通过尾砂泥石流与下游公路的撞击作用及能量变化揭示其运移规律，研究溃坝尾砂泥石流对下游的淹没范围、尾砂移动规律以及尾砂对下游公路的撞击，探讨下游公路的安全性。

Impact of Tailings Dam Failure on the Downstream Flood and Collision

Such factors as overtopping，collapse，landslide and leakage occurred at dam body give rise to the failure of tailing dam.After failure，the tailing sand with high potential energy will form sand debris flow rushing to the downstream，which brings great risks on the safety of lives and properties of citizens living at downstream.Aiming at the outstanding problem of tailing dam accidents-dam failure，and taking Heyetang tailing pond in Baoshan as an example，the step-by-step simulation method was adopted to analyze the impact of 4# tailing dam failure on the safety of Maanling road at downstream by combining with the momentum process of migration and submerging of tailing debris flow，and the mechanical process of collision between debris flow and obstacles.After failure，the road submerging at downstream by tailing sands and the migration regularity of tailings debris flow directly influence the variation of disaster energy.So，the investigation on the collision between tailing debris flow and obstacles and the variation of energy can reveal the migration regulation so as to discover the submerged area of tailing debris flow at downstream，the migration regulation of tailing sand and the collision on highway at downstream and to discuss the safety of the highway.