煤矿“采选充+X”绿色化开采技术体系与工程实践

煤炭接续资源多在深部和优质资源多在西部并存的现状使得深部与西部开采成为煤炭资源开发的新常态，绿色矿山建设、绿色矿业发展与绿色化开采推进已势在必行。本文提出了煤炭资源“采选充+X”绿色化开采技术构想，即直接在井下构建煤炭开采、煤矸分选、矸石充填与“岩层移动主动控制、沿空留巷、瓦斯抽采、灾害防治、保水开采”一体化生产系统，形成了煤炭“采选充+X”(控、留、抽、防、保)协同生产模式;明确了“采选充+X”绿色化开采技术的内涵与技术框架，阐述了“采选充+X”的四代演化历程，分析了其践行绿色化的技术优势，给出了科学化的工程设计方法;阐述了5类典型“采选充+X”技术对应的技术原理、工程需求、设计流程与方法、关键技术及工艺装备等。工程实践分别证明了采选充+控、采选充+留、采选充+抽等“采选充+X”技术具有的显著技术优势与工程示范效应。未来“采选充+X”绿色化开采将延伸采选充+处、采选充+智、采选充+调、采选充+协等技术模式。整体形成的“采选充+X”技术体系，可为实现煤炭及伴生资源绿色化开采提供有力的技术支持。

Practice and technique of green mining with integration of mining,separating, backfilling and Xin coal resources

Currently more coal resource is buried in deep and more high quality resource is located in the west of China.It makes a deep mining and a mining in the west become the new normal of coal resources exploitation.Thus a green mine construction,green mining development and green mining propulsion are imperative.This paper puts forward a “mining dressing backfilling+X” technical conception of green mining of coal resources.That is an underground integrated production system,which is integrated coal mining,coal waste separation,and gangue filling with “active control of strata movement,gob side entry retaining,gas extraction,disaster prevention,water preserved mining”.The system forms a coal mining dressing backfilling+X(control，retain,extraction,prevention and preserved) collaborative production mode.The paper defines the “mining dressing backfilling+X” technical connotation and framework of green mining,expounds “mining dressing backfilling+X” evolution of four generations,analyzes the specific technical advantages of its practice of green mining and gives the scientific engineering design method.The paper elaborates five aspects of typical “mining dressing backfilling+X” technology corresponding technical principle,engineering requirements,design process and methods,key technology and process equipment.Engineering practice of the Tangshan Coal mine,Zhaizhen Coal mine and 12th Coal mine of Pingdingshan Group has respectively proved that “mining dressing backfilling+control”,“mining dressing backfilling+retain”,“mining dressing backfilling+extraction” technologies have a remarkable technical superiority and the engineering demonstration effect.“Mining dressing backfilling+X” green mining extension in the future combines “mining dressing backfilling+processing”,“mining dressing backfilling+intelligent”,“mining dressing backfilling+adjustment” and “mining dressing backfilling+coordination”.The overall formation of the “mining dressing backfilling+X” technology system can provide a strong technical support for the realization of green mining of coal and associated resources.