Autothermal sorption-enhanced steam reforming of bio-oil/biogas mixture and energy generation by fuel cells: Concept analysis and process simulation

A concept of sorption-enhanced steam reforming of bio-oil/biogas for electricity and heat generation by phosphoric acid fuel cells is investigated. The process is modeled using SIMSCI Pro II process simulator. Sorptive removal of the carbon dioxide from the reaction site results in low CO and _CO2${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ concentrations (<1%$<1\%$) in the reformate, as a result it can be used in the phosphoric acid fuel cell without any further fuel cleanup. High hydrogen concentration and calorific value of the reformate enable the operation of the fuel cell at a high-efficiency mode despite of the high carbon/hydrogen ratio of the bio-fuel. Addition of biogas to the reformer enables autothermal operation of the reformer, as well as significantly improves the efficiency of the process. The simulation shows that the overall efficiency of the proposed system is compatible with the efficiency of the system using “classical” steam reforming of the fuel. The process exhibits 6% lower electrical efficiency compared to the system utilizing natural gas, and 4.6% higher efficiency compared to a system using bio-oil as a fuel.