基于 PSR 模型的我国矿产资源开发与保护评价研究

矿业大省是保障我国矿产资源安全、落实国家矿产资源战略的重要载体,PSR(压力—状态—响应)模型为分析和评价矿产资源开发与保护活动提供了新的视角,省级尺度的矿业活动评价有助于识别区域差异和增强政策的针对性。通过构建基于PSR框架的评价指标体系,利用熵值法和层次分析法确定指标权重,对十九个省2012年的综合评价表明:(1)约40%省份的矿产资源开发与保护总体状态处于较好及以上等级,较差及以下等级约占25%;从资源、矿山环境、安全生产子系统的状态来看,区域类同的特点较为明显;(2)所有省份面临的矿山环境压力严峻、资源压力普遍较大、约一半的省份有较大的安全生产压力,资源和安全生产压力具有区域趋同的特征;(3)对矿产资源开发与保护总体响应所付出的努力值得肯定,但相对于压力,仍有约60%的省份依然显得投入不足或者效率不高;(4)PR协调性与状态S具有高度的正向关联;(5)从各省PSR表征来看,高效协调型、应对不足型和低效恶化型是主要类型,同一类型的不同视角有不同的内涵,同一视角下各大区域的省份PSR类型表现出趋同的特点。在识别各省PSR类型的基础上,为使状态S有效率并持续良性运行,提出了对策建议。

An Evaluation on Mineral Resources Exploitation and Conservation of Mining Provinces Based on PSR Model

Mining provinces contribute immeasurably to guaranteeing national mineral resources se-curity and implementing national mineral resources strategy.Pressure -State -Response model ( PSR) provides a new perspective to facilitate analysis and evaluation of mineral resources exploita-tion and conservation, the evaluation of province units is Helpful to identify the regional difference and enhance targeted policy.In this research, an evaluation index system was formed on the base of PSR frame, and entropy analysis and analytic hierarchy process ( AHP) were employed to deter-mine the index weight.Data from 19 provinces in 2012 were collected and evaluated comprehen-sively.There are following findings:(1) Approximately 40 percent of the provinces have a good or better overall state of mineral resources exploiting and protecting, while about 25 percent have a bad or worse overall state.Characteristic of regional identity is obvious judging from the state of subsystems involving resource,environment and safe production of mines.(2) All these provinces are facing with high pressure of mining environment,most of them have the challenge of resource ex-ploitation and half of them are troubled with safe production.Resource pressure and safe production pressure are both characterized by regional convergence.( 3 ) Compared with the pressures, it seems that 60 percent of the provinces still invested less and gained little yet, even though they made considerable efforts and contributed a lot to the overall response of mineral resource exploita-tion and conservation.(4) Concordance of Pressure-Response (PR) has a positive correlation with State(S).(5)These provinces can be mainly categorized into three types,efficiently-coordi-native type, insufficiently-responsive type and inefficiently-deteriorating type according to their PSR features.Different perspectives of the same type have varied meanings, and in the same per-spective convergence characteristic of PSR types are shown among provinces from the same region. On the base of identifying PSR types, to enable state( S) efficiently and sustainably maintain oper-ating, some respective countermeasures were put forward.