Biology,morphology and molecular characterization of Sitophilus oryzae and S. zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Network Project on Insect Biosystematics, Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;2. Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom;1. IRTA, Ctra Cabrils km 2, 08348 Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain;2. USDA-ARS North Central Agricultural Research Services, Brookings, SD 57006, USA;1. NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Private Mail Bag, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia;2. Plant Biosecurity Co-Operative Research Centre, LPO Box 5012, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia;3. Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia;4. Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Locked Bag 4 Bentley Delivery Centre, WA, 6983, Australia;5. Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia;1. Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou str., 38446 Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece;2. Analytical Chemistry and Pesticides Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou str., 38446 Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece;1. USDA-ARS-Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA;2. Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University-Jonesboro, P. O. Box 599, State University AR, 72467, USA;1. College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;2. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 S. Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648-9757, USA;3. Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6120, USA |
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| Abstract: | The present study focuses on the variations in biology, morphology and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) sequences of the two Indian populations of the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and S. zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), which occur on cereals as storage grain pests. These two species are the important pest of major importance and morphologically are very similar to each other. The biological study reveals that the developmental period, longevity, mating and premating period are longer in S. zeamais compared to S. oryzae. The developmental periods of eggs, first to fourth instar larvae, pupae and adults were 6.9, 5.8, 7.0, 8.4, 7.5, 12.5 and 3.5 days, respectively with total life cycle duration of 51.6 days in S. zeamais; and it was 5.5, 5.0, 5.7, 6.5, 7.0, 7.4 and 2.4 days, respectively with total life cycle duration of 39.1 days in S. oryzae. Morphometrics of the life stages revealed significant differences in the dimensions of length and width except in case of eggs and fourth instar larvae. Since, morphological identification were quite confusing and difficult, some characters such as dentations on fore tibia, gular suture on rostrum, apex of 8th tergite and variation in the spermatheca, are brought out as additional diagnostic characters. This study evaluated the utility of mtCOI sequences for quick and accurate species diagnosis of S. oryzae and S. zeamais independent of life stages and sex. The phylogenetic analyses revealed that among the four species of the genus Sitophilus, S. oryzae and S. zeamais cluster together (1.0 PP and 84% ML) and are closer to S. linearis (Hbst.) than S. granarius (L.). |
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| Keywords: | Life stages Maize mtCOI Stored grain pests Wheat |
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