Polymer vesicles: Mechanism,preparation, application,and responsive behavior |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China;2. Shanghai Tenth People''s Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China;1. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, PR China;2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 7-116 Hasselmo Hall, 312 Church Street S.E, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;1. Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, No. 3 People’s Hospital, and Institute of Traumatic Medicine; School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201900, China;2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China;3. Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;1. Shanghai Tenth People''s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China;2. Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China |
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| Abstract: | Polymer vesicles, also known as polymersomes, are finding increasing applications in biomedical field, including drug delivery, gene therapy, magnetic resonance imaging, theranostics, etc. This is due to their intrinsic hollow nanostructure and compartmentalized domains with diverse functionalities. This review describes recent advances in the design and synthesis of polymer vesicles, including the formation mechanisms, preparation methods, applications and responsive behaviors toward external stimuli. We first present the rational design and synthesis of polymer vesicles based on different polymeric building blocks, followed by an insight into the structure and formation mechanism of polymer vesicles, as well as the recently developed means to determine the exact thickness of the vesicle membrane. Except for responding to traditional stimuli such as pH, temperature and oxidation/reduction, polymer vesicles are becoming ‘smarter’ owing to the newly developed stimuli including electrical field, magnetic field, sugar molecules, gas, ultrasound, etc. Finally, the potential applications of polymer vesicles beyond biomedical field are highlighted as novel nanoreactors, water remediation materials, etc. |
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| Keywords: | Polymer vesicles Self-assembly Stimuli-responsive Biomaterials Drug delivery |
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