Temporal changes in stored-product insect populations associated with boot,pit, and load-out areas of grain elevators and feed mills |
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| Affiliation: | 1. USDA-ARS, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA;2. Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;1. Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina;2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina;1. UMR GQE – Le Moulon, INRA, Univ Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France;2. UMR 0211 UMR Agronomie, INRA, AgroParisTech, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, F-78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France;3. Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité, 195 rue Saint-Jacques 75005, Paris, France;1. Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 4 Water Street, Creswick, VIC 3363, Australia;2. Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh;3. School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 4 Water Street, Creswick, VIC 3363, Australia;4. Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Private Bag 260, Horsham, VIC 3401, Australia;5. School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom;6. Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia;7. Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom;1. State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;3. Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sheyang 110016, China;4. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China |
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| Abstract: | Commercial grain elevator and feed mill facilities can quickly become infested with stored-product insect pests, compromising the protection of the stored raw and processed cereal products. Elevators and feed mills were sampled monthly for adult stored-product insects in grain residues from the boot-pit areas and in bulk load-out samples from 2009 to 2010. The grain samples collected from the boot, pit, and load-out areas consisted of corn, soybeans, or a mixture of the two grains. Low insect densities were found in the boot-pit area during the cool winter months. Insect numbers increased in the spring and peaked during the warm summer months, prior to declining in the fall following a pattern of higher insect densities during higher ambient temperatures. The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), was the most prevalent species collected in all of the sampled grain residues, representing 69.2 and 35.8% of total insects collected in feed mills and elevators, respectively, during 2009 and was also commonly collected in 2010. Other commonly collected insect species included, the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst); rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens); and sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus). Our results showed that failing to clean out boot residual grain and a lack of sanitation of the pit area resulted in high numbers of insects that were transferred through the elevator leg to other locations within a facility. We conclude that the lack of sanitation at elevator and feed mill facilities allowed high numbers of insects to develop. |
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| Keywords: | Elevator Feed mill Boot Pit Residual grain Insect pests |
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