自然资源特许经营权法律属性之辨

自然资源特许经营权是以经营者的申请为前提，通过行政特许，取得对特定范围自然资源进行开发利用的权利。特许经营是自然资源市场化配置的重要基础，自然资源特许经营权作为自然资源权属结构的主要内容之一，对其法律属性的确认是核心问题。自然资源特许经营权本质为一种具有公法性质的私权。依据客体所体现的利益性质不同，私权可划分人身权和财产权，自然资源特许经营权符合财产权所具有的物质内容和经济价值，因此属于财产权。债权对于自然资源特许经营有保护的功能，但是不能代替自然资源特许经营权的物权定位，以物权为中心，两种治理机制配套运用，有助于实现自然资源特许经营权的设立宗旨。自然资源特许经营权归属于用益物权，已经成为用益物权体系的重要组成部分。

CLARIFICATION ON LEGAL ATTRIBUTE OF FRANCHISE RIGHT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

The franchise right of natural resources is a right, granted by administration, to develop the natural resources within specified area through operator’s prior application. The franchise is key base of resource marketing allocation. It is a core to clarify its legal attribute of franchise right of natural resources, as a main part of natural resource ownership. In principle, the franchise right is a private right bearing attribute of public right. According to the benefits of objects, the private rights can be classified into personal and property rights. The franchise right belongs to the latter. Obligation right can protect the franchise right of natural resources, but can not replace its object right positioning. The both mechanisms, with focus on real right, are mutually working to reach the aims of the franchise right of natural resources. In details, the franchise right of natural resources belongs to the usufructuary right and has become a vital component of usufructuary rights.