优质籼米地下仓储藏过程中品质变化

为探索成品粮绿色、安全的储藏方法,在南方高温高湿地区,利用地下仓储藏黄花粘和籼优998两种优质籼米,定期检测水分、碎米总量、小碎米率、垩白粒率、黄粒米、直链淀粉、品尝评分值、色泽气味、不完善率、害虫虫口密度等指标。实验结果显示,实验期间,大米水分呈小幅下降;2种大米不生虫时间长达13个月;小碎米率、色泽气味等指标无显著性变化;碎米总量、黄粒米、不完善粒含量小幅增加,直链淀粉含量逐渐增加,但均未导致大米质量等级下降;垩白粒率显著增加,品尝评分值显著下降,且均造成大米质量定等下降。根据国家标准《大米》的规定,籼优998于储藏3个月后,质量定等由二级降为三级,储藏6个月后,已不属于优质籼米,黄花粘于实验结束后仍为优质籼米三级。说明地下仓具有良好的保湿、保鲜和害虫抑制效果,优质籼米耐储性能与储藏条件和品种均相关。

Study on the changes of quality index of high quality milled long-grain-nonglutinous rice during storage in underground granary

To explore the method of green and safe storage of processed grain, 2 kinds of high quality milled long-grain-nonglutinous rice were stored in underground granary in high temperature and high humidity area to determine regularly the quality indexes, including moisture, the amount of broken kernels, small broken kernel rate, chalky kernel rate, yellow-colored kernel, amylose content, tasting score, color and odor, unsound kernel and pest population density. The results showed that the moisture of the testing rice declined slightly and their inhibition period against pest was 13 months; the indexes of small broken kernel rate and color and odor were not significant changes, the amount of broken kernel, yellow-colored kernels and unsound kernels increased a little, amylose content increased gradually, but none of them decreased the quality level of rice. While the chalky kernel rate increased significantly and the tasting score decreased significantly, which decreased the quality level of rice. It shows that the underground granary has a good effect of moisture retention, fresh-keeping and pest control. The storability of high quality milled long-grain-nonglutinous rice has relationship with storage condition and the grain varieties.