塔里木盆地塔中北坡奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶储层的形成机理

塔里木盆地塔中北坡奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层已成为该盆地油气勘探的重要目标之一,目前对于该岩溶储层的溶蚀机制尚存在争议。为此,基于沉积、层序与储层综合研究成果,结合微观分析测试与宏观地震资料分析结果,将该区碳酸盐岩岩溶储层划分为石灰岩溶蚀孔洞型、白云岩孔洞型和硅质岩裂缝孔洞型3种类型,并分别探讨了其形成机理。结果表明:(1)石灰岩溶蚀孔洞型储层纵向上分布在中奥陶通鹰山组上段和一间房组,而白云岩孔洞型储层主要发育在下奥陶统蓬莱坝组和鹰山组下段且厚度较大;(2)石灰岩溶蚀孔洞型储层形成于三级层序界面(低位期)岩溶作用,而白云岩孔洞型储层则主要形成于受三级层序界面岩溶作用控制的深埋藏白云石化作用,两者均分布在三级层序界面之下的高位体系域;(3)该区硅质岩储层的发育明显受断裂控制,是深部热液沿断层对石灰岩改造的结果,硅质岩储层及其热液溶蚀缝洞系统分布在断裂附近。进而推测:塔中北坡奥陶系除了发育上述3种储层类型以外,还发育台地边缘礁滩型储层。

Forming mechanism of the Ordovician karst carbonate reservoirs on the northern slope of Central Tarim Basin

The Ordovician karst carbonate reservoirs on the northern slope of Central Tarim Basin are important oil and gas exploration targets in the basin, but their dissolution mechanisms are in controversy. In this paper, based on the integrated study of sedimentation, sequence and reservoir, together with microscopic analysis and macroscopic seismic data analysis, the carbonate karst reservoirs in the study area were divided into three types: dissolved pore-cavity limestone reservoir, pore-cavity dolomite reservoir and fracture-cavity siliceous reservoir, and their forming mechanisms were discussed respectively. Some findings were obtained. First, dissolved pore-cavity limestone reservoirs are distributed in the upper Yingshan Fm and Yijianfang Fm of the Ordovician vertically, while pore-cavity dolomite reservoirs are mainly developed in the Penglai Fm and lower Yingshan Fm of the Ordovician with great thickness. Second, dissolved pore-cavity limestone reservoirs were formed by karstification on the third-order sequence boundary (lowstand tract), while pore-cavity dolomite reservoirs were formed by deep burial dolomitization controlled by karstification on the third-order sequence boundary, both of which are distributed in the highstand tract below the third-order sequence boundary. Third, siliceous reservoirs are developed under the control of faulting, as a result of reworking of deep hydrothermal fluids along faults to the limestone, and the siliceous reservoirs and their hydrothermal solution fracture-cavity systems are distributed near faults. It is further predicted that, in addition to the three types of reservoir above, platform-margin reef-flat reservoirs are developed in the Ordovician on the northern slope of Central Tarim Basin.