上扬子地区五峰组—龙马溪组优质页岩沉积主控因素

为揭示上扬子地区优质页岩的分布规律和沉积主控因素,基于四川盆地南部(以下简称川南)野外露头剖面和钻井资料,结合地球化学元素测试和生物地层分析结果,从板块运动、海平面变化、古生产力、沉积速率、古地理环境等方面研究了该区上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组页岩的分布规律和沉积主控因素。结果表明:①扬子地块与周缘地块的碰撞、拼合及板内变形作用总体呈现早期和缓、晚期强烈,西北部和缓、东南部强烈的态势,造就了上扬子沉降沉积中心向西北迁移,川南海域封闭性出现早期弱、晚期强的演化特征;②海平面在奥陶纪—志留纪之交呈现由深→浅→深→浅的旋回变化,早期的高海平面与稳定海盆配置,形成了海底大面积缺氧、有机质有效保存的构造沉积空间;③受构造活动和海域封闭性的影响,川南海域古生产力呈现早期高、晚期低的变化趋势,沉积速率则表现为早期慢、晚期快的变化特点;④富有机质、富硅质页岩的规模沉积和分布主要受缓慢沉降的稳定海盆、相对较高的海平面、半封闭水体和低沉积速率等因素的控制。结论认为:①该区优质页岩多期叠置、横向连片、沉积时代向西北不断变新,优质页岩形成主要在五峰期—鲁丹期,其次为埃隆期;②主力勘探层系在川南—川东坳陷区为五峰组—鲁丹阶,在威远地区为鲁丹阶—埃隆阶,在川中—川北地区则为五峰组—特列奇阶。

Main factors controlling the sedimentation of high-quality shale in Wufeng–Longmaxi Fm,Upper Yangtze region

In this paper, the shale of Upper Ordovician Wufeng Fm–Lower Silurian Longmaxi Fm was taken as an example to reveal the distribution laws and the main sedimentation controlling factors of high-quality shale in the Upper Yangtze region. The study was made from the aspects of plate movement, fluctuation of sea level, palaeo-productivity, deposition rate and paleogeographic environment, based on the field outcrop sections and drilling data of the southern Sichuan Basin, together with geochemical element testing and biostratigraphical analysis results. The following findings were obtained. First, the collision and joint of Yangtze Plate and its periphery plates and the intra-plate deformation were gentle in the early stage, strong in the late stage, gentle in northwest and strong in southeast, so the sedimentation center in the Upper Yangtze region migrated to the northwest and the closure of sea area in the southern Sichuan Basin changed from weak in early stages to strong in late stages. Second, at the turning period from Ordovician to Silurian, sea level presented the cycle change of deep–shallow–deep–shallow. Due to the combination of high sea level and stable ocean basin in early stage, an extensive anoxic tectonic sedimentary space favorable for organic matter preservation was formed in the sea floor. Third, due to the effect of tectonic movement and sea closure, palaeo-productivity of sea areas in the southern Sichuan Basin presented a trend of being high in the early stage and low in the late stage, and the deposition rate was also low in the early stage and high in the late stage. And fourth, extensive deposition and distribution of shale rich in organic matter and silica was mainly controlled by a stable sea basin with a low subsidence rate, a relatively high sea level, semi-closed waters and low deposition rates. To sum up, the high-quality shale in the Upper Yangtze region is characterized by multiphase superimposition, lateral extension and northwestward renewal of sedimentary ages, and it is mainly deposited in Wufeng–Rhuddanian Age and secondarily in Aeronian Age. The main exploration layers are Wufeng–Rhuddanian in southern– eastern Sichuan Depression, Rhuddanian–Aeronian in Weiyuan area, and Wufeng–Telychian in central–northern Sichuan Basin.