单洞双向公路隧道火灾人员疏散救援研究

为了研究单洞双向公路隧道在发生火灾时隧道内部人员的逃生问题,首先结合PHOENICS计算软件建立了某特长单洞双向隧道的计算模型,其次参考实际情况选取了5 MW、20 MW及30 MW下的共计27种火灾计算工况,通过计算得出了火灾的烟雾场、温度场、CO、能见度以及控制风速的情况。进一步结合以上研究成果,并借助于Pathfinder人员疏散软件,以Crane修正模型及FED死亡模型为基础,同时以“高温CO”叠加伤害为原则,进一步从上述27种工况中选取10种典型计算工况对人员的疏散逃生情况进行了分析研究。研究得出:对于火灾规模为20 MW时,在交通堵塞的情况下人员能够在613.5 s内安全疏散,且无人员死亡;当火灾规模为30 MW时,在交通堵塞的情况下,主隧道纵向通风风速为1.0 m/s和2.0 m/s时,人员不能安全疏散,主隧道纵向通风风速为3 m/s时,人员能安全疏散,但疏散速度最慢的人员安全性难以保证,故建议30 MW火灾下主隧道的纵向通风风速应大于3 m/s。

Study on the Human Evacuation and Rescue inSingle Highway Tunnel for Subtended Traffic with Fire

In order to study the escape of people inside a single highway tunnel for subtended traffic in case of fire,this study first established a calculation model of a super-long single tunnel for subtended traffic combined with the PHOENICS calculation software.In addition,this study selected a total of 27 fire calculation working conditions under 5 MW,20 MW and 30 MW with reference to the actual situation,and then obtained the smoke field,temperature field,CO,visibility and wind speed control of the fire through calculation.Based on the above research results and with the help of Pathfinder's personnel evacuation software,this study put Crane revised model and FED death model as base and “high temperature-CO” superimposed injury as principle,furthermore,10 typical calculation conditions are selected from the above 27 conditions to analyze the evacuation situation.The study concluded that:when the scale of fire is 20 MW,personnel can be safely evacuated within 613.5 s in case of traffic jam,and there is no death;when the scale of the fire is 30 MW and the ambient wind speed in the main tunnel is 1.0 m/s and 2.0 m/s,the personnel cannot be evacuated safely in case of traffic jam.When the ambient wind speed of the main tunnel is 3.0 m/s,the personnel can be evacuated safely,but the personnel safety in the slowest evacuation speed is difficult to guarantee.Therefore,it is suggested that the ambient wind speed of the tunnel under 30 MW fire should be greater than 3 m/s.