考虑微孔超压环境的煤储层含气量计算方法

目前在煤储层含气量的计算过程中,普遍采用测井、试井等得到的储层压力代替气相压力进行反演计算,但由于超压环境下二者不能等同,故导致这一计算结果并不准确。为此,采集山西、河南不同煤级的煤样进行了煤孔隙毛细管压力测试,结合煤层气成藏过程和煤层生排烃史分析了煤储层微孔超压环境的形成机制,据此建立了考虑微孔超压环境的煤储层含气量计算方法,并对河南焦作中马村矿下二叠统山西组二段1号煤层的含气量进行了计算及分析。结果表明:1煤形成演化过程中不断有部分固体有机质转化为气体和水,在其孔隙内必然会出现气水两相界面,由此产生毛细管压力,致使其微孔内气相压力远高于静水柱压力,形成微孔超压赋存环境;2由于微孔超压环境的存在,致使气相压力高于储层压力,基于常规储层压力评价煤储层含气量的计算方法将导致煤储层含气量被低估;3微孔超压环境主要影响3~100 nm孔隙内煤层气含气量的计算,尤其是3~10 nm孔隙,而对于超过100 nm的孔隙则影响不大。结论认为:所建立的煤储层含气量计算方法厘清了煤层气赋存的压力环境,保证了煤储层含气量计算结果的准确性。

A new method for calculating gas content of coal reservoirs with consideration of amicro-pore overpressure environment

When the gas content of a coal reservoir is calculated, the reservoir pressure measured by well logging and well testing is generally used for inversion calculation instead of gas pressure. However, the calculation result is not accurate because the reservoir pressure is not equal to the gas pressure in overpressure environments. In this paper, coal samples of different ranks in Shanxi and Henan are collected for testing the capillary pressure of coal pores. Based on the formation process of CBM reservoirs and the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion history of coal beds, the forming mechanisms of micro-pore overpressure environments in coal reservoirs were analyzed. Accordingly, a new method for calculating the gas content of coal reservoirs with consideration of a micro-pore overpressure environment was developed. And it was used to calculate the gas content of No.1 coal bed of the 2nd member of Lower Permian Shanxi Fm in the Zhongmacun Coal Mine in Jiaozuo, Henan. It is indicated that during the formation and evolution of coals, some solid organic matters were converted into gas and water, and gas–water contact is surely formed in pores. In the end, capillary pressure is generated, so the gas pressure in micro-pores is much higher than the hydrostatic column pressure, which results in a micro-pore overpressure environment. Under such an environment, gas pressure is higher than reservoir pressure, so the gas content of coal reservoirs calculated previously based on the conventional reservoir pressure evaluation are usually underestimated. It is also found that the micro-pore overpressure environment exerts a dominating effect on the CBM content calculation of 3–100 nm pores, especially that of 3–10 nm pores, but a little effect on that of pores >100 nm. In conclusion, this new method clarifies the pressure environment of CBM gas reservoirs, thereby ensuring the calculation accuracy of gas content of coal reservoirs.