页岩气水平井套管变形影响段分段压裂工艺研究及现场试验

页岩气水平井压裂多采用泵送桥塞分段压裂工艺,如遇套管变形则桥塞不能泵送至设计位置,将导致变形段以下未改造井段不能按照设计方案进行改造。四川盆地长宁、威远区块页岩气水平井压裂约有30%的井都发生了不同程度的套管变形。早期对于发生套管变形后不能改造的井段一般就放弃了施工,造成页岩气井控资源量不能有效动用,对压裂效果也产生了较大的影响。页岩气水平井压裂套管变形机理复杂、影响因素多、变形时机难以预测,探寻套管变形影响段的分段改造工艺尤为重要。为此,针对套管变形井试验了缝内砂塞分段压裂和暂堵球分段压裂工艺:(1)缝内砂塞分段压裂采用单段射孔、单段压裂方式施工;(2)暂堵球分段压裂采用一次射孔,连续压裂投球分段方式施工。并在此基础上对比了上述两种工艺的优缺点,开展了现场试验。现场施工过程中的压力响应、邻井压力监测、微地震监测等数据均表明:上述两种工艺均成功地实现了对套变影响段的有效改造,实现了页岩气井控储量的有效动用,确保了压裂效果。

Research and field tests of staged fracturing technology for casing deformation section in horizontal shale gas wells

Horizontal shale gas well fracturing is mostly carried out by pumping bridge plugs. In the case of casing deformation, the bridge plug cannot be pumped down to the designated position, so the hole sections below the deformation could not be stimulated according to the design program. About 30% of horizontal shale gas wells in the Changning and Weiyuan Blocks, the Sichuan Basin, suffer various casing deformation after fracturing. Previously, the hole sections which could not be stimulated due to casing deformation were generally abandoned. As a result, the resources controlled by shale gas wells weren't exploited effectively and the fracturing effect was impacted greatly. There are a lot of difficulties in investigating casing deformation, such as complex mechanisms, various influencing factors and unpredictable deformation time. Therefore, it is especially important to seek a staged fracturing technology suitable for the casing deformation sections. In this paper, the staged fracturing technology with sand plugs inside fractures and the staged fracturing technology with temporary plugging balls were tested in casing deformation wells. The staged fracturing technology with sand plugs inside fractures was carried out in the mode of single-stage perforation and single-stage fracturing. The staged fracturing technology with temporary plugging balls was conducted in the mode of single perforation, continuous fracturing and staged ball dropping. Then, two kinds of technologies were compared in terms of their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, they were tested on site. According to the pressure response, the pressure monitoring of the adjacent wells and the microseismic monitoring in the process of actual fracturing, both technologies are effective in the stimulation of the casing deformation sections, realizing well control reserves efficiently and guaranteeing fracturing effects.